How to Create Accessible Forms for Your Website

Introduction

Forms are a crucial part of many websites, enabling users to sign up, submit inquiries, or complete transactions. However, inaccessible forms can create barriers for users with disabilities. In this guide, we’ll explore how to create accessible forms that are user-friendly and compliant with ADA and WCAG standards.

1. Provide Clear and Descriptive Labels

Each form field should have a descriptive label to ensure users understand its purpose. Labels should be positioned close to the corresponding input fields and remain visible, even when the field is active.

Tip: Use the <label> element and associate it with the input field using the for attribute to improve screen reader compatibility.

2. Use Accessible Form Controls

Ensure all form controls, such as checkboxes, radio buttons, and dropdown menus, are operable via keyboard and compatible with assistive technologies. Avoid using custom controls that aren’t properly coded for accessibility.

3. Add Placeholder Text Sparingly

Placeholder text can provide additional guidance, but it should not replace labels. Many screen readers don’t reliably read placeholder text, and it can disappear when users begin typing.

Tip: Use placeholder text for supplementary information only, not as a primary label.

4. Ensure Keyboard Navigation

Users must be able to navigate and complete forms using only a keyboard. Test your form to confirm that users can access all fields and controls using the Tab, Enter, and Space keys.

Tip: Verify that the Tab order follows a logical sequence to improve usability.

5. Provide Descriptive Error Messages

When a user makes a mistake, offer clear, specific error messages to help them correct it. Avoid generic messages like “Error in submission” and instead use messages such as “Please enter a valid email address.”

Tip: Use ARIA attributes like aria-describedby to associate error messages with the relevant form fields.

6. Use ARIA Attributes for Enhanced Accessibility

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes can improve the usability of your forms for screen readers. For example:

 
• aria-required: Indicates that a field is required.
 
• aria-invalid: Highlights fields with errors.
 
• aria-describedby: Links additional information or error messages to a form field.

Use ARIA attributes judiciously, as improper implementation can create confusion.

7. Provide Sufficient Color Contrast

Ensure that text and form controls have sufficient contrast against their backgrounds to improve readability for users with visual impairments. Use tools like Contrast Checker to verify compliance.

Tip: WCAG recommends a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for text and 3:1 for large text or UI components.

8. Design Forms for Mobile Accessibility

Many users access forms on mobile devices. Ensure your forms are responsive and easy to interact with on small screens. Use large, tappable targets for form controls and ensure fields are spaced to prevent accidental inputs.

9. Group Related Fields

Use fieldsets to group related form fields, such as contact information or payment details. Add a legend to provide context for the grouped fields.

Tip: Use the <fieldset> and <legend> elements for semantic grouping and better accessibility.

10. Test with Real Users and Assistive Technologies

Finally, involve individuals with disabilities in testing your forms. Use assistive technologies like screen readers and keyboard navigation to identify and address usability barriers.

Tip: Tools like Wave and Axe can also help identify common accessibility issues in forms.

Conclusion

Creating accessible forms ensures that all users can interact with your website effectively, regardless of their abilities. By implementing these best practices, you can make your forms more inclusive, enhance user experience, and meet ADA and WCAG compliance standards. Start improving your forms today to build a more accessible and user-friendly website.